Financial Ratios

Accounting Rate of Return: Comprehensive Guide
An in-depth look at Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), including its definition, historical context, variations, importance, applicability, and more.
ACID-TEST RATIO: Evaluating Liquidity with Precision
An in-depth look at the acid-test ratio, a stringent measure of a company's short-term liquidity, its importance, applicability, key events, and related financial concepts.
Altman's Z-Score: A Financial Health Indicator
Altman's Z-Score is a financial metric used to predict the likelihood of a company entering bankruptcy. Developed by Edward I. Altman, this score leverages multiple financial ratios to assess the financial health of businesses.
Asset Cover: Measure of Solvency
An in-depth exploration of Asset Cover, a financial ratio that evaluates a company's solvency by comparing its net assets to its debt.
Asset Turnover: A Measure of Efficiency
Understanding Asset Turnover - A crucial financial ratio that measures the efficiency of a company's use of its assets to generate sales.
Average Revenue (AR): The Revenue Per Unit Sold
A comprehensive look at Average Revenue (AR), how it is calculated, its importance in economics and business, and its implications on pricing strategies.
Book Value Per Share: Equity Available to Common Shareholders
An in-depth look at Book Value Per Share, a financial metric that represents the equity available to common shareholders divided by the number of outstanding shares.
Capital Cover: Financial Ratio for Risk Assessment
Understanding Capital Cover as a crucial financial ratio that assesses the risk involved in financing a portfolio, especially in property investments.
Capital Turnover: Efficient Asset Utilization
Capital Turnover is the ratio of a company’s sales to its capital employed, indicating how efficiently assets are used to generate sales.
Cash Flow to Capital Expenditure Ratio: Financial Performance Indicator
The Cash Flow to Capital Expenditure Ratio measures a company's ability to finance its plant and equipment from its operational cash flows. This article covers its definition, historical context, types, key events, formulas, and significance.
Cash Flow to Total Debt Ratio: Understanding Solvency
A ratio for assessing the solvency of a company, calculated by dividing the cash flow from operations by the total liabilities. It indicates a company's ability to satisfy its debts.
Common Size Analysis: Understanding Vertical Financial Analysis
A detailed explanation of Common Size Analysis, also known as Vertical Analysis, including its definition, methodology, types, applications, comparisons, and related terms.
Current Ratio: Measuring Business Liquidity
Understanding the current ratio, a financial metric that evaluates the liquidity of a business by comparing its current assets to current liabilities. Learn how to calculate and interpret this ratio, along with its significance and potential pitfalls.
Debt Service Ratio: Financial Health Indicator
The Debt Service Ratio (DSR) is a crucial financial metric that indicates a country's ability to service its external debt in relation to its export earnings. A higher DSR suggests potential difficulties in managing debt obligations.
Debtor-Days Ratio: A Comprehensive Guide
The Debtor-Days Ratio measures the average number of days a company takes to collect payment from its debtors, reflecting the efficiency of its credit and collections processes.
Dividend Cover: Financial Stability Indicator
Dividend Cover measures a company's ability to sustain dividend payments out of its net profits after tax, signaling its financial health and commitment to growth.
Dividend Cover: Understanding the Ratio of Earnings to Dividends
Dividend cover is the ratio of a company’s total earnings for equity to the dividends it pays out. This metric helps assess the sustainability of a company’s dividend payouts.
Financial Ratios: Key Metrics for Evaluating Company Performance
An in-depth look at financial ratios, their historical context, types, key events, explanations, formulas, and more. Essential for investors, analysts, and financial professionals.
GDS Ratio: Gross Debt Service Ratio in Real Estate and Mortgages
The Gross Debt Service (GDS) Ratio is a measure used in real estate and mortgage lending to evaluate the proportion of a borrower's income that is dedicated to housing-related expenses.
Gross Rental Yield: The Annual Rental Income Divided by the Property's Value
Gross Rental Yield is a financial metric used to evaluate the annual rental income generated from a property as a percentage of its total value. This metric is crucial for real estate investors.
Interest Cover: Financial Stability Measure
Interest Cover, also known as the fixed-charge-coverage ratio, indicates the number of times a company's earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) can cover its interest expenses. It reflects the financial stability and vulnerability of a company to interest rate changes and profit fluctuations.
Liquidity Ratio: Assessing Financial Stability and Health
A comprehensive guide to understanding liquidity ratio, its importance in finance, types, key metrics, historical context, and practical applications.
Loans-to-Deposit Ratio: Financial Indicator
The Loans-to-Deposit Ratio is a critical metric used to assess a bank's liquidity by comparing its total loans to its total deposits.
Loss Adjustment Ratio: Costs of Processing Claims Relative to Earned Premiums
An in-depth exploration of the Loss Adjustment Ratio, which highlights the costs associated with processing insurance claims relative to earned premiums, including historical context, key events, mathematical formulas, importance, and examples.
Net Income Margin: Financial Performance Indicator
Net Income Margin reflects the percentage of revenue remaining after all expenses, including interest and taxes, are deducted, highlighting a company's overall profitability.
Net Margin: Key Measure of Profitability
Net Margin, also known as Net Profit Margin, is a critical profitability ratio that measures how much net income or profit is generated as a percentage of revenue.
Operating Margin Ratio: An Indicator of Profitability
Operating Margin Ratio, also known as Operating Profit Margin, is a financial metric that shows what percentage of revenue is left over after paying for variable production costs. It is a vital indicator of a company's operational efficiency and profitability.
Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E): A Valuation Metric Using Current Earnings
The Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio is a valuation metric that relates the market price of a company’s stock to its earnings per share, used by investors to determine the relative value of a company's shares.
Return on Assets: Measuring Profitability Relative to Assets
Return on Assets (ROA) is an accounting ratio that expresses the amount of profit for an accounting period as a percentage of the assets of a company.
Return on Equity (ROE): Key Financial Metric
Return on Equity (ROE) is a financial performance metric calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity, indicating how effectively a company uses shareholders' funds to generate profit.
Return on Equity: Measure of Financial Performance
Return on Equity (ROE) is a financial ratio that indicates the profitability of a company in relation to its equity. It measures how effectively management is using a company’s assets to create profits.
ROE: Return on Equity
Return on Equity (ROE) measures profitability relative to shareholder equity, indicating how efficiently a company generates profit from its equity investments.
TDS Ratio: Total Debt Service Ratio
A comprehensive analysis of the Total Debt Service (TDS) Ratio, encompassing its definition, importance, calculation, and implications in finance and real estate.
Times Interest Earned (TIE) Ratio: Financial Stability Indicator
The Times Interest Earned (TIE) Ratio evaluates a company's ability to meet its debt obligations using its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).
Variable Cost Ratio: The Ratio of Variable Cost to Sales Revenue
The Variable Cost Ratio measures the proportion of variable costs in relation to sales revenue, expressed as a percentage, offering insight into cost management and pricing strategies.
Z Score: Measure of Business Susceptibility to Failure
A multivariate formula devised by Edward I. Altman in 1968 to measure the susceptibility of a business to failure, computed by applying beta coefficients to selected financial ratios.
ACID TEST: The Most Severe Test of Reliability
The term 'acid test' originally refers to a conclusive test for gold that differentiated it from other metals. In the financial context, it is synonymous with the quick ratio, a measure of a company's short-term liquidity.
Debt Service Coverage: Financial Metric
Debt Service Coverage (DSC) is a critical financial metric used across corporate, government, personal finance, and real estate contexts to measure the cash flow available to service debt payments.
Liquidity Ratio: Understanding a Firm's Short-Term Financial Health
A comprehensive guide to Liquidity Ratio, including its importance, types, calculation methods, and applicability in assessing a firm's ability to meet short-term obligations.
Preferred Dividend Coverage: Financial Metric Definition and Calculation
Preferred Dividend Coverage explains how well a firm can meet its preferred dividend obligations using its net income after interest and taxes, but before common stock dividends.
Profitability Ratio: Measure of Earnings
A comprehensive overview of profitability ratios, which measure earnings as a percentage of sales, total costs, total assets, or equity.
Return on Sales: Measure of Operational Efficiency
Return on Sales (ROS) is a financial ratio that calculates net pre-tax profits as a percentage of net sales, serving as an indicator of overall operational efficiency.
Z Score: Standard Normal Variate and Bankruptcy Prediction
Z Score in Statistics standardizes a normal distribution by converting an x-scale to the z-scale. The Z Score is also used in Altman's bankruptcy prediction model based on various financial ratios.
Accounts Payable Turnover Ratio: Definition, Formula, and Examples
A comprehensive guide to understanding the accounts payable turnover ratio, including its definition, formula, calculation examples, and practical applications in assessing a company's short-term liquidity.
Asset Turnover Ratio: A Measure of Efficiency in Sales Generation
An in-depth look at the Asset Turnover Ratio, which measures the efficiency of a company in generating sales relative to its assets. This entry explores its formula, significance, and application in financial analysis.
Days Payable Outstanding (DPO): Definition and Calculation Methods
Discover the significance of Days Payable Outstanding (DPO) in financial analysis, and learn how to calculate this crucial metric to optimize your business's cash flow management.
Days Sales of Inventory (DSI): Definition, Formula, and Importance
A comprehensive guide to understanding Days Sales of Inventory (DSI), including its definition, calculation formula, and its significance in evaluating a company's efficiency in managing inventory.
Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio: Comprehensive Definition, Formula, and Calculation
A detailed exploration of the Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio, covering its definition, essential formula, calculation methods, applicability, historical context, and examples.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Formula, Interpretation, and Significance
The Debt-to-Equity (D/E) Ratio measures a company's financial leverage by comparing its total debt to shareholders' equity, indicating the proportion of debt used to finance assets.
EBITDA-to-Interest Coverage Ratio: Definition, Calculation, and Importance
A comprehensive guide to understanding the EBITDA-to-Interest Coverage Ratio, its calculation, significance, historical context, and application in assessing a company's financial durability.
EBITDA/EV Multiple: Definition, Example, and Importance in Valuation
A comprehensive definition of the EBITDA/EV multiple, exploring its calculation, examples, role in investment analysis, and importance in company valuation.
Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio (FCCR): Definition, Formula, and Examples
Explore the Fixed-Charge Coverage Ratio (FCCR), a key indicator of a firm's ability to meet its fixed charges like debt payments, insurance premiums, and equipment leases. Learn the formula, see practical examples, and understand its significance.
Gearing: Definition, Measurement, and Examples
A comprehensive guide to understanding gearing, its measurement, and real-world examples. Learn how this financial ratio impacts businesses and their operations.
Gross Leverage Ratio: Definition, Components, and Importance
An in-depth exploration of the Gross Leverage Ratio in insurance, including its definition, components, calculation, and significance in financial analysis.
Gross Yield: Definition, Calculation, and Examples
Explore the concept of gross yield in investments, including its definition, calculation method, examples, and its importance in financial analysis.
Inventory Turnover Ratio: Definition, Calculation, and Importance
Explore the concept of the Inventory Turnover Ratio, including its definition, calculation methods, importance, and implications for businesses in managing their stock of goods efficiently.
Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio: Definition, Calculation, Examples, and Significance
A comprehensive guide to the Loan-to-Value (LTV) ratio, explaining its definition, how to calculate it, providing practical examples, and discussing its significance in lending and finance.
Net Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio: Definition, Calculation, and Real-World Example
An in-depth look at the Net Debt-to-EBITDA ratio, including its definition, calculation formula, and a practical real-world example to understand its significance.
Operating Cash Flow Ratio: Definition, Types, and Formula
Comprehensive guide on Operating Cash Flow (OCF) Ratio, including its definition, types, formula, examples, and its significance in financial analysis.
Operating Expense Ratio (OER): Definition, Formula, Calculation, and Examples
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Operating Expense Ratio (OER), including its definition, formula, calculation method, and practical examples. Explore its significance in real estate and property management.

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