An adjustment cap refers to the maximum limit on how much an interest rate can increase or decrease during each adjustment period in adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs).
A detailed exploration of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive, covering historical context, key events, types, and implications.
The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) regulates non-UCITS funds within the European Union, ensuring transparency, investor protection, and effective risk management.
The Auditing Practices Committee (APC) was an essential body in the history of auditing standards, paving the way for the creation of the Auditing Practices Board (APB).
Comprehensive overview of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), focusing on its role in prudential supervision.
The ASIC Act 2001 delineates the Australian Securities and Investments Commission's powers, functions, and duties. It is a crucial legislative framework ensuring the integrity and transparency of Australia's financial markets.
Detailed explanation of asset freezing, its types, historical context, importance, applicability, and more.
A comprehensive study of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), its rise, operations, collapse, and the ensuing scandal, shedding light on false bookkeeping, money-laundering, and regulatory inadequacies.
An in-depth look into the Bankruptcy Code, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, models, applicability, and more.
Comprehensive overview of Blue-Sky Laws including their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, related terms, interesting facts, and FAQs.
An in-depth examination of the Cadbury Report on the financial aspects of corporate governance in the UK, its recommendations, significance, and long-lasting impact.
A comprehensive overview of the Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA), its historical context, key events, importance, applicability, and related terms.
The proportion of a bank's total assets held as shareholders' equity and certain other defined classes of capital, indicating the bank's ability to meet depositor and creditor needs.
The Cayman Islands Monetary Authority (CIMA) is responsible for the issuance and regulation of the Cayman Islands Dollar (KYD) and serves as the principal financial services regulator in the Cayman Islands.
An in-depth look into the roles, functions, and significance of central banks in controlling a country's money supply and monetary policy.
Central Banking refers to the institution responsible for overseeing the monetary system, managing currency, and regulating the supply of money within a nation or economic region.
A detailed guide to the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers, its historical context, key provisions, importance, applicability, examples, and considerations in company takeovers and mergers.
A comprehensive framework designed to prevent the funding of terrorist activities through various regulatory, enforcement, and international cooperative measures.
An in-depth overview of Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT), its historical context, key events, measures, importance, and related terms.
Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) involves a set of policies, regulations, and procedures aimed at identifying and obstructing the funding of terrorist activities.
The Common Reporting Standard (CRS) is a global framework developed to facilitate the automatic exchange of financial account information among tax authorities worldwide.
The national regulatory body responsible for overseeing financial services firms in each member state.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is a regulatory agency responsible for overseeing financial products and services offered to consumers. Established to protect consumers in the financial sector, the CFPB enforces laws and regulations, educates consumers, and promotes transparency in the financial marketplace.
Cross-border regulation involves regulatory practices and frameworks that span multiple jurisdictions, crucial for international trade, finance, and law.
A comprehensive examination of Counter-Terrorist Financing (CTF) strategies aimed at disrupting and preventing the financial channels that support terrorist activities.
US legislation that provided for comprehensive changes to the framework of financial regulation in the US following the financial crisis of 2007-08.
Explore the Dual Banking System in the United States, a unique framework allowing the coexistence of state and federally chartered banks.
A detailed analysis of the Economic Substance Doctrine, which evaluates whether transactions have substantial economic purposes beyond tax benefits.
An in-depth exploration of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) and its implications for asset markets, investment strategies, and financial regulation.
The European Court of Auditors is an independent body established to audit the financial accounts of EU institutions, ensuring funds are spent legally and managed effectively. It has evolved significantly since its inception in 1977, playing a crucial role in the financial integrity of the European Union.
An in-depth exploration of exposure limits in trading, covering their definition, importance, types, key events, mathematical models, and more.
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is the regulatory body responsible for overseeing and regulating the conduct of financial services firms in the UK to ensure fairness, transparency, and integrity in financial markets.
The FFIEC is an interagency body responsible for establishing uniform principles and standards for the examination of financial institutions in the United States.
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1989 to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. It provides international standards, guidelines, and policies aimed at curbing illegal financial activities and compelling governments to legislate against these activities.
An in-depth look at the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), its history, functions, regulatory roles, and importance in the UK's financial system.
An in-depth overview of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), its roles, functions, history, importance, and impact on the financial industry in the UK.
An in-depth look at the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), its history, functions, importance, and relevance in the financial market.
A detailed exploration of the Financial Ombudsman Service, its history, function, types, key events, and significance in the financial sector.
Comprehensive overview of financial regulation including its definition, purposes, types, historical context, and applicability in maintaining the integrity and stability of financial systems.
An in-depth look at the UK Financial Services Act of 2012, its historical context, key events, components, and implications for the financial system and regulatory framework.
The Financial Services Act 1986 was a UK act of parliament aimed at regulating investment business through the Securities and Investment Board and Self-Regulating Organizations. It incorporated many recommendations from the Gower Report and was replaced by the Financial Services and Markets Act in 2000.
An in-depth exploration of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA), the legislation that granted statutory powers to the Financial Services Authority (FSA).
An in-depth look into the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA), its historical context, implementation, significance, and impact on the UK's financial regulatory landscape.
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was an independent body established in 1997 to regulate the financial services industry in the UK. It aimed to maintain market confidence, promote public understanding of the financial system, ensure consumer protection, and reduce financial crime. In 2013, the FSA was replaced by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority.
Comprehensive overview of FINMA, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority, including its history, functions, importance, and impact on the financial industry.
Foreign Exchange Control refers to the regulation imposed by governments or central banks on the purchase, sale, and movement of foreign currencies. It aims to stabilize the economy, control inflation, manage balance of payments, and prevent capital flight.
An in-depth look into the Financial Services Authority (FSA), its history, key functions, regulations, and significance in the financial sector.
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was the regulatory body overseeing financial services in the UK, responsible for ensuring market integrity and consumer protection.
Detailed overview of garnishee orders, their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, examples, and importance in financial and legal systems.
An in-depth look at the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), including its historical context, key components, impact on financial regulations, compliance requirements, and more.
An in-depth look at the Gower Report, its historical context, recommendations, impact on financial regulation, and its legacy in modern financial markets.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT) is a computerized trading strategy that uses complex algorithms to execute orders at high speeds, enabling large volumes of shares to be traded within milliseconds.
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops and approves International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in global financial markets.
An in-depth look into the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland (ICAS), its history, importance, and role in the field of accounting.
International Organization for Securities Commissions: Global Standard-Setter for Securities Markets
An in-depth look at the International Organization for Securities Commissions (IOSCO), its history, objectives, key events, importance, and global impact on securities and futures markets regulation.
The Investment Services Directive (ISD), an EU directive established in 1993, provided a regulatory framework for securities dealing across Europe. It ensured that securities firms approved by their domestic regulators could operate at a European level. The ISD was superseded by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) in 2007, enhancing the single market for financial services.
An in-depth exploration of the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) – its history, role, functions, and importance in the global bullion market.
An in-depth exploration of the Life Assurance and Unit Trust Regulatory Organization (LAUTRO), its historical context, key roles, and transition to the Financial Conduct Authority.
An in-depth look at Market Abuse, encompassing insider dealing, unlawful disclosure of insider information, and market manipulation as defined by the EU's Market Abuse Directive (2012).
The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) is a European Union law that provides harmonized regulation for investment services across the 31 member states of the European Economic Area. It aims to increase transparency across the EU’s financial markets and standardize regulatory disclosures required for firms operating in the EU.
A comprehensive overview of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), focusing on its significance, regulations, historical context, key elements, and impact on financial markets within the European Union.
The North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) is a key organization focused on state and provincial-level regulation and enforcement of securities laws.
The National Bank Act is a pivotal piece of United States legislation that laid the groundwork for a standardized national banking system and established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC).
The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) provides insurance for deposits at federally insured credit unions, similar to how the FDIC insures deposits at banks.
The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is a key metric introduced by the Basel III regulatory framework to ensure that banks maintain a stable funding profile over a long-term horizon. This ratio assesses the liquidity risk and promotes resilience against financial stress by requiring banks to secure a proportionate amount of stable funding relative to their assets.
Detailed examination of Non-Admitted Assets, their importance in regulatory frameworks, and their impact on the financial stability of insurance companies.
An Offshore Financial Center (OFC) is a jurisdiction offering favorable conditions for banking and financial services. This encyclopedia entry focuses on the Cayman Islands' role as an OFC.
Operational risk encompasses the potential for financial loss due to failed or inadequate internal processes, systems, or external events. This article explores its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
An in-depth exploration of Passporting Rights, their significance in international finance, and their impact on global trade and economics.
The People's Bank of China (PBoC) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China, responsible for regulating the Chinese Yuan (CNY) and overseeing monetary policy and financial stability.
An in-depth look at the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), its history, purpose, structure, and significance in the financial regulatory environment.
An in-depth examination of the People's Bank of China, its historical background, functions, and significance in the global financial system.
A comprehensive guide to Public Interest Entities, detailing their definitions, categories, historical context, regulatory importance, and more.
An in-depth look at the registration statement, a crucial document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for new securities issues.
A comprehensive overview of regulated markets, including historical context, types, key events, regulations, and their importance in the financial system.
Regulation Q was a Federal Reserve regulation that set interest rate ceilings on savings accounts instituted as part of the Banking Act of 1933 and phased out by the 1980s.
An in-depth examination of the Reserve Bank of India, its history, functions, and significance in the Indian economy.
An in-depth examination of Restricted Lists, their purpose in the financial industry, how they compare to Gray Lists, and their practical implications.
Risk Weight is a term used in the context of financial regulations, representing the capital required to ensure a bank can absorb potential losses from different asset classes.
Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA) are a critical measure used in banking to assess capital adequacy by assigning varying levels of risk to different asset classes.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 2002 to enhance corporate responsibility, improve financial disclosures from corporations, and prevent accounting fraud. It introduced significant reforms to governance standards for U.S. public companies.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a seminal piece of legislation aimed at enhancing corporate governance and strengthening financial practices.
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory authority overseeing securities markets in India. This article covers its historical context, functions, key events, importance, and much more.
An in-depth exploration of the Securities and Exchange Commission, its historical context, roles, functions, and its importance in financial regulation.
Detailed Overview of SEC Filings, Including Historical Context, Types, Key Events, and Importance in Finance and Investment.
The Ontario Securities Act is the legislative framework that governs securities transactions in Ontario. It outlines the powers of the OSC and sets out rules for the issuance, trading, and registration of securities.
An in-depth, comprehensive guide to Series 63, also known as the Uniform Securities Agent State Law Exam, detailing its purpose, structure, applicability, history, and relevance.
The act of completing a trade contract involving the payment for or delivery of goods, securities, or currency, often facilitated by set dates or rolling settlement systems.
An in-depth look at SFAS 131, the Financial Accounting Standards Board's regulation for segment reporting, including its historical context, categories, key events, and practical applications.
An in-depth exploration of shadow banks, unregistered financial intermediaries providing credit-facilitating services outside traditional banking regulations.
An EU system of banking supervision comprising the European Central Bank (ECB) and national supervisory authorities.
An in-depth look at the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, its historical context, key provisions, and its impact on corporate governance and financial regulations.
An EU directive aimed at increasing accountability and improving public confidence in the auditing profession, comparable to the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Supervisory Review is the process through which regulatory authorities evaluate the health and performance of financial institutions to ensure stability, compliance, and sound risk management practices.
A comprehensive guide to Surplus Advance Corporation Tax, detailing its historical context, types, key events, explanations, importance, applicability, and more.
A detailed explanation of Suspicious Activity Report (SAR), a document that financial institutions must fill out to report any suspected case of money laundering or fraud.
A comprehensive overview of Swap Data Repositories (SDRs), entities that collect and maintain records of swap transactions, including historical context, importance, types, regulations, and more.
An in-depth look at taxable supplies, the goods and services on which VAT must be charged. Understanding transactions subject to VAT and their implications.
Trade-through refers to a situation where a buy or sell order is executed at a price worse than the best available price, contravening the practices aimed at obtaining the best execution for investors. This entry delves into the concept, its implications, and relevant regulatory frameworks.
Usury Laws are regulations that limit the amount of interest that can be charged on loans, designed to prevent excessively high-interest rates that exploit borrowers.
