Financial Regulation

Wells Submission: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding Wells Submission—a detailed written response to a Wells Notice issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This guide covers its definition, purpose, process, historical context, examples, and FAQs.
Bank Holding Company: Definition and Overview
A Bank Holding Company is a corporate entity that owns or controls two or more banks or other bank holding companies. They must register with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Basel Capital Accords: Evolution of Banking Regulations
The Basel Capital Accords are a series of banking regulations (Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III) aimed at standardizing global banking regulations to enhance financial stability.
Collar Index Level: Definition and Explanation
An in-depth overview of the collar index level, its role in circuit breakers for stock markets, and its implications for trading.
Credit Rationing: Managing Loan Allocation Beyond Market Means
Credit rationing involves the allocation of loans to creditworthy borrowers by methods other than purely market-driven mechanisms, often caused by keeping interest rates below the market equilibrium, resulting in an excess demand for loans.
CROSS Securities Transaction: Broker as Agent for Both Sides
A comprehensive analysis of CROSS securities transactions, where the same broker acts as an agent for both buyer and seller, along with legal implications and operational aspects.
Edge Act Corporation: International Banking Services Authority
A comprehensive exploration of Edge Act Corporations, their role in international banking services, formation, regulatory framework, and impact on the global financial landscape.
Federal Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC): Examination of the Financial Crisis
An overview of the Federal Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC), a panel created by President Barack Obama in 2009 to investigate the causes of the financial crisis in the United States.
Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act (FIRREA): Overview and Impact
A comprehensive federal law passed in 1989 aimed at restructuring the regulatory and deposit insurance landscape for savings and loan associations and implementing reforms to address and prevent failures and nonperforming loans.
Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999: A Transformative Law in Financial Regulation
Also known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, this 1999 law repealed sections of the Glass-Steagall Act and the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, facilitating affiliations among banks, securities firms, and insurance companies.
Glass-Steagall Act of 1933: Legislation on Banking and Brokerage
The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 was landmark legislation passed by the United States Congress that authorized deposit insurance and prohibited commercial banks from owning brokerage firms, aimed at restoring confidence in the banking system during the Great Depression. It was largely repealed by the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999.
Internal Revenue Code of 1986: Comprehensive Guide to U.S. Taxation Law
Detailed explanation of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, including its components, purpose, amendments, and interpretations through legislation and court rulings.
Selective Credit Controls: Federal Reserve Board's Financial Tool
An overview of the Federal Reserve Board's authority to establish selective terms for various credit instruments, including margin requirements and their impact on stock market trading.
Vault Cash: Cash Reserves for Day-to-Day Bank Transactions
Vault cash refers to the physical currency that a bank retains on its premises to meet daily transactional needs and fulfill regulatory reserve requirements set by the Federal Reserve.
3(c)(7) Exemption: A Comprehensive Guide to Private Fund Regulatory Relief
An in-depth look at the 3(c)(7) exemption, part of the Investment Company Act of 1940, which allows private funds to bypass certain SEC regulations. Ideal for understanding the nuances and applications of this regulatory relief.
Board of Governors: Responsibilities, Roles, and Frequently Asked Questions
An in-depth look at the Board of Governors, their responsibilities, roles within institutions like the Federal Reserve, and answers to frequently asked questions.
Commodity Trading Advisor (CTA): Definition, Requirements, and Key Responsibilities
A detailed overview of Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs), including their roles, requirements, regulatory framework, and key responsibilities in the trading of futures, options, and foreign exchange contracts.
The Dodd-Frank Act: Key Functions, Major Components, and Critical Analysis
A comprehensive guide to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, detailing its primary functions, significant components, and criticisms, aimed at protecting the financial system and consumers.
Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA): Safeguarding Consumers Against Unfair Billing Practices
The Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA) of 1974 offers crucial protections for consumers against unfair billing practices by creditors. This includes the mechanisms for addressing billing errors, unauthorized charges, and ensuring fair credit reporting.
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA): Comprehensive Definition and Importance
Explore the detailed definition, roles, and significance of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), a nongovernmental organization that writes and enforces rules for brokers and broker-dealers.
Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act: Comprehensive Overview
A detailed examination of the 1982 U.S. law aimed at easing interest rate pressures on banks and savings and loan institutions, exploring its history, implications, and lasting impact on the financial sector.
Monetary Policy: Meaning, Types, and Tools
An in-depth exploration of monetary policy, its meaning, various types, and the tools used by central banks to regulate the economy.
National Credit Union Administration (NCUA): Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth exploration of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), its history, functions, responsibilities, and impact on federal credit unions in the United States.
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC): Structure and Powers
An in-depth exploration of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), its organizational structure, and the authority it wields over national banks and federal branches and agencies of foreign banks in the U.S.
Ontario Securities Commission (OSC): Responsibilities and Limitations
An in-depth exploration of the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC), its role in enforcing securities laws in Ontario, its responsibilities, limitations, historical context, and significance in the financial regulatory landscape.
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI): Comprehensive Overview and Definition
Discover an in-depth explanation and analysis of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI). Learn about its role, functions, historical context, and significance in regulating Canada's banking system.
Qualified Mortgage: Definition, Requirements, and Benefits
Explore the comprehensive definition of a Qualified Mortgage, its requirements, benefits, and impact on both lenders and borrowers under the Dodd-Frank Act.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI): Structure, Functions, and Role in the Economy
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India, established on April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act. Learn about its structure, functions, and crucial role in India's economy.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): Definition, Function, and Overview
Comprehensive overview and detailed definition of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including its purpose, functions, and impact on the securities markets and investor protection.
3C1 Funds: Exemption from SEC Registration Under the Investment Company Act of 1940
An in-depth exploration of 3C1 funds, their exemption from SEC registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, types, special considerations, examples, historical context, and applicability.

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