LDCs

Import Substitution: A Strategic Approach for LDCs
Import Substitution is a strategy for industrializing less developed countries by focusing on producing domestic substitutes for imports. This strategy leverages known markets but faces challenges in scaling and sustainability.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Economic Recovery and Development
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), also known as the World Bank, was established in 1946 to aid in the economic recovery and development of nations, particularly in Europe and Asia post-World War II. It now provides funds and technical advice to least developed countries (LDCs).
Less Developed Countries: Characteristics, Challenges, and Development Paths
An in-depth exploration of Less Developed Countries (LDCs), their characteristics, challenges, and development paths. Includes historical context, key indicators, development models, and policies.
Two-Gap Model: Understanding Constraints in Economic Development
An in-depth exploration of the Two-Gap Model, which outlines the constraints on the development of less developed countries due to gaps between domestic savings and investment, as well as between export revenues and import needs.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: Supporting Global Trade and Development
An in-depth exploration of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), established in 1964 to represent less developed countries and advocate for increased aid and favorable trade and investment conditions.

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