Social Security Benefits

Combined Income: Taxation Reference Measure
Combined Income represents the total of Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) plus 50% of Social Security benefits, used to determine the taxable portion of the Social Security benefits.
Negative Income Tax: Income Redistribution Mechanism
A means of targeting social security benefits to those most in need using the income-tax system. After submitting an income-tax return showing an income level below a set minimum, an individual would receive a direct subsidy from the tax authorities bringing income up to that level.
Primary Insurance Amount: The Base for Calculating Social Security Benefits
Primary Insurance Amount (PIA) is the fundamental figure used by the Social Security Administration (SSA) to determine the Social Security benefits individuals are entitled to.
Survivors Program: Social Security Benefits for Qualifying Survivors
The Survivors Program within the Social Security System provides financial support consisting of lump-sum and monthly payments to the dependents of a deceased qualifying worker.

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